- Starvation in West Africa = outcome of land productivity decreased due to soil depletion and nitrogen deficiencies caused by land over-exploitation for farming purposes.
- Global markets affect local land practice and land change over time, changing soil quality and productivity as an outcome of human activity.
Soil erosion. Deforestation. Desertification. Biodiversity loss. Water pollution. Atmospheric and climate changes. Environmental crisis is a pressing concern to producers around the world who are making a living off the land. But perhaps, more importantly, these topics are a central interest to apolitical ecologists, whose dominant narrative - that people destroy ecosystems out of ignorance, selfishness and overpopulation - is the central target of political ecology critique.
By responding to the environmental cries of Malthusians (advocates of population control) and technocrats ( technology should be in control of all decision making), political ecologists see environmental destruction presenting analytical challenges.
While popular accounts put blame on population growth leading to resource scarcity crisis and mass starvation, political ecologists account that what plays role is:
- socio-economic and institutional changes. They made poor communities and households more vulnerable to scarcity (holding less land and fewer rights to it);
- political economic change which made ecological systems more vulnerable to degradation. The progressive pressures placed by marginal communities on the land were environmentally destructive, causing declines in land productivity which was difficult and impossible to reverse when the process already started.